A transformer is an electrical device that operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, mainly used to change AC voltage (boost or decrease), isolate circuits, or provide circuit matching. The basic structure of a transformer includes two or more windings (coils) that are connected to each other through a magnetic field. When one winding (referred to as the primary winding) is connected to an AC power source, the alternating magnetic field generated will induce electromotive force in another winding (referred to as the secondary winding), thereby generating current.

Basic type:

Voltage Transformer: mainly used to change the voltage level. According to different applications, it can be divided into power transformers, distribution transformers, audio transformers, etc.

Isolation Transformer: used to isolate two circuits, prevent direct current flow, and allow energy to be transmitted through a magnetic field. Commonly used to protect sensitive equipment from electrical noise and transient voltage effects.

Auto Transformer: A transformer with only one winding, where a portion of the winding is used as both primary and secondary. Autotransformers are commonly used for voltage regulation and small amplitude voltage transformation.

Current Transformer (CT): Specially designed for measurement and protection purposes, converting high current into low current for instrument and relay use.

Instrument Transformer: including current transformer and potential transformer (PT), used to convert high voltage or high current into standardized low voltage or low current for precise measurement and protection of equipment.

Application:

Transformers are widely used in fields such as power systems, electronic equipment, communication systems, and industrial automation, including:

Power transmission and distribution: In the power system, transformers are used to increase voltage to reduce losses during long-distance transmission, and to lower voltage upon arrival at the destination for safe use by users.

Electronic devices: In electronic devices, transformers are used to provide appropriate voltage levels, isolate circuits, and match different circuit components.

Communication system: In telephone lines and radio communication, transformers are used to match impedance, isolate signals, and provide power.

Industrial automation: In industrial control systems, transformers are used to monitor current and voltage, protect equipment, and ensure stable operation of the system.

Key parameters:

When selecting transformers, the following key parameters need to be considered:

Rated voltage: The highest voltage at which the transformer is designed to operate.

Rated current: The maximum current that a transformer can operate continuously and safely.

Transformation ratio: The ratio of turns between the primary and secondary windings determines the proportion of voltage and current changes.

Frequency response: The frequency range within which the transformer is designed to operate.

Insulation level: The highest voltage that the insulation material of the transformer can withstand.

Efficiency: The energy conversion efficiency of a transformer, usually expressed as a percentage.

The design and manufacturing of transformers need to strictly comply with relevant international and national standards to ensure their safety and reliability. In practical applications, factors such as environmental conditions, load characteristics, and short-circuit tolerance need to be considered. Manufacturers usually provide detailed technical specifications and application guidelines to help users choose and use suitable transformers.